<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".

Copyright (C) 1991-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
 -->
<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.2, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
<title>Using as: Nios II Relocations</title>

<meta name="description" content="Using as: Nios II Relocations">
<meta name="keywords" content="Using as: Nios II Relocations">
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
<link href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" rel="index" title="AS Index">
<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
<link href="NiosII_002dDependent.html#NiosII_002dDependent" rel="up" title="NiosII-Dependent">
<link href="Nios-II-Directives.html#Nios-II-Directives" rel="next" title="Nios II Directives">
<link href="Nios-II-Chars.html#Nios-II-Chars" rel="prev" title="Nios II Chars">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller}
div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
kbd {font-style:oblique}
pre.display {font-family: inherit}
pre.format {font-family: inherit}
pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap}
span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap}
span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal}
span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal}
ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
-->
</style>


</head>

<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
<a name="Nios-II-Relocations"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="Nios-II-Directives.html#Nios-II-Directives" accesskey="n" rel="next">Nios II Directives</a>, Previous: <a href="Nios-II-Syntax.html#Nios-II-Syntax" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Nios II Syntax</a>, Up: <a href="NiosII_002dDependent.html#NiosII_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">NiosII-Dependent</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="Nios-II-Machine-Relocations"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.31.3 Nios II Machine Relocations</h4>

<a name="index-machine-relocations_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-Nios-II-machine-relocations"></a>

<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-hiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>%hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Extract the upper 16 bits of <var>expression</var> and add 
one if the 15th bit is set. 
</p>
<p>The value of <code>%hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code> is:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">((<var>expression</var> &gt;&gt; 16) &amp; 0xffff) + ((<var>expression</var> &gt;&gt; 15) &amp; 0x01)
</pre></div>

<p>The <code>%hiadj</code> relocation is intended to be used with
the <code>addi</code>, <code>ld</code> or <code>st</code> instructions
along with a <code>%lo</code>, in order to load a 32-bit constant.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">movhi r2, %hiadj(symbol)
addi r2, r2, %lo(symbol)
</pre></div>

<a name="index-hi-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>%hi(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Extract the upper 16 bits of <var>expression</var>.
</p>
<a name="index-lo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>%lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Extract the lower 16 bits of <var>expression</var>.
</p>
<a name="index-gprel-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>%gprel(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Subtract the value of the symbol <code>_gp</code> from
<var>expression</var>. 
</p>
<p>The intention of the <code>%gprel</code> relocation is
to have a fast small area of memory which only
takes a 16-bit immediate to access.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">	.section .sdata
fastint:
	.int 123
	.section .text
	ldw r4, %gprel(fastint)(gp)
</pre></div>

<a name="index-call-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-call_005flo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-call_005fhiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-got-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-got_005flo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-got_005fhiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-gotoff-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-gotoff_005flo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-gotoff_005fhiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-tls_005fgd-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-tls_005fie-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-tls_005fle-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-tls_005fldm-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
<a name="index-tls_005fldo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code>%call(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%call_lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%call_hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%got(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%got_lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%got_hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%gotoff(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%gotoff_lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%gotoff_hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%tls_gd(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%tls_ie(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%tls_le(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%tls_ldm(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dt><code>%tls_ldo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>These relocations support the ABI for Linux Systems documented in the
<cite>Nios II Processor Reference Handbook</cite>.
</p></dd>
</dl>





</body>
</html>
